Clinical profile of oral mucosa lesions in elderly patients: a 20-year retrospective study / Perfil clínico das lesões da mucosa oral em pacientes idosos: um estudo retrospectivo de 20 anos

Background: Life expectancy has considerably increased resulting in population aging. Studies evaluating the outcomes of aging in oral health are scarce. Objective: Evaluate retrospectively the profile of elderly patients from a public Oral Medicine Center during a period of 20 years. Methods:A qualitative and quantitative retrospective observational study was conducted analyzing medical records from an oral medicine service from January 1994 to December 2014. Results were reported as mean ± standard deviation for quantitative variables and percentages for categorical variables. The Chi-square test and T-student test was applied with significance level of 5%. Results: 2,690 medical records were retrieved, comprising of 61% women and 39% men with an average ageof 68.8 ± 6.79 years. Xerostomia was significantly associated, hypoglycemic usage (p<0.0001), anticoagulantusage (p<0.0001), psychotropic usage (p<0.0001) and analgesics and anti-inflammatory usage (p<0.0001). Forcandidiasis, an association with age, xerostomía (p<0.0001), and use of complete dentures was found(p<0.0001). For oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia the tabacco (p<0.0001) and alcohol consumption (p<0.0001) were significant associated. Conclusion:The elderly population was comprised mostly by women that use a large of drugs which wereassociated with xerostomia development. In addition, tabaco and alcohol consumption were associated withoral leukoplakia and OSCC being these two diseases more frequently in men. Dental care services should aimto prevent and treat these complications as way to improve the elderly's quality of life.

Introdução: A expectativa de vida aumentou consideravelmente, resultando no envelhecimento da população. Estudos avaliando os desfechos do envelhecimento na saúde bucal são escassos. Objetivo: Avaliar retrospectivamente o perfil dos pacientes idosos de um Centro de Medicina Oral público durante um período de 20 anos. Materiais e métodos: Estudo observacional retrospectivo qualitativo e quantitativo, analisando os prontuários de um serviço de medicina bucal no período de janeiro de 1994 a dezembro de 2014. Os resultados foram expressos em média ± desvio padrão para variáveis quantitativas e percentuais para variáveis categóricas. Aplicou-se o teste Qui-quadrado e o teste T-student com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foram recuperados 2.690 prontuários, sendo 61% mulheres e 39% homens com idade média de 68,8 ± 6,79 anos. Xerostomia foi significativamente associada, uso de hipoglicemiantes (p<0,0001), uso de anticoagulantes (p<0,0001), uso de psicotrópicos (p<0,0001) e uso de analgésicos e anti-inflamatórios (p<0,0001). Para candidíase, foi encontrada associação com idade, xerostomia (p<0,0001)e uso de prótese total (p<0,0001). Para carcinoma espinocelular oral e leucoplasia oral, o uso de tabaco (p<0,0001) e consumo de álcool (p<0,0001) estiveram associados significativamente. Conclusão: A população idosa foi composta em sua maioria por mulheres que fazem uso de grande quantidade de medicamentos associados ao desenvolvimento de xerostomia. Além disso, o consumo de tabaco e álcool foram associados com leucoplasia oral e OSCC sendo essas duas doenças mais frequentes em homens. Os serviços odontológicos devem ter como objetivo prevenir e tratar essas complicações como forma de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos.

Periodontal treatment of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare condition in which fragile vascular walls lead to increased risks of bleeding, cerebral abscesses, arteriovenous malformations, anemia, and thrombosis. To date, no protocol has been established for optimizing the clinical outcomes of periodontal treatment in patients with this condition. The aim of this case report is to describe a safe clinical approach to periodontal treatment in a patient with HHT. A 39-year-old woman had a history of multiple macules on the oral mucosa, and a diagnosis of HHT was made based on the Curaçao diagnostic criteria (epistaxis, telangiectases, visceral lesions, and family history). Evaluation of the patient's periodontal clinical parameters and radiographs led to a diagnosis of generalized periodontitis, stage IV, grade C. The patient underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy consisting of supragingival and subgingival scaling and root planing under a careful and specific protocol that included antibiotic prophylaxis before each session. Two months after therapy, the periodontal reevaluation showed improvement in the clinical parameters at most sites. Sites with remaining periodontal pockets were re-treated according to the same protocol, including the antibiotic prophylaxis. The patient was enrolled in a periodontal maintenance program, and her HHT was routinely monitored by her physician. Periodontal treatment may promote secondary complications in patients with HHT if appropriate systemic care is not provided, and the periodontal treatment plan should be designed individually for each patient. Establishing the correct HHT diagnosis and coordinating care with the patient's physician are essential to safe, effective treatment.

Labio-facial Necrotizing Fasciitis in a Young Patient.

ABSTRACT: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an infection of the deeper tissues that results in progressive destruction of muscle fascia and overlying subcutaneous fat. It has a fast and destructive course. Moreover, it is related to immunosuppression and could be fatal. The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of a young patient, without immunosuppression, who developed NF evolution due to an erroneous diagnosis of abscess at the beginning of the disease. Patient was submitted to broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and aggressive surgical treatment. Adequate treatment led to a satisfactory evolution in a short period of time. Early recognition and adequate treatment are essential for a favorable prognosis.

Factores pronósticos de supervivencia en pacientes con reanimación cardiopulmonar en un servicio de emergencias / Survival prognosis factors in patients with cardiopulmonary reanimation in an emergency service

Introducción: Los factores que influyen en que el paciente sobreviva luego de una reanimación cardiopulmonar hasta el alta hospitalaria no han sido descritos con certeza. Objetivo: Identificar los factores relacionados con la supervivencia al alta hospitalaria en pacientes que recibieron reanimación cardiopulmonar en un servicio de emergencias. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de cohortes, prospectivo, en 76 pacientes que recibieron reanimación cardiopulmonar en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Emergentes del Hospital Provincial Docente Clínico-Quirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba, de enero del 2016 a igual mes del 2018. Resultados: En el análisis univariado los factores que de manera independiente se asociaron a la supervivencia fueron el origen cardíaco (76,5 por ciento), el trazado electrocardiográfico de fibrilación ventricular-taquicardia ventricular sin pulso (64,7 por ciento), la no prolongación de la ventilación y la ausencia de sepsis (con 88,2 por ciento cada uno). Conclusiones: Se identificaron la recuperación neurológica y la no necesidad de drogas vasoactivas como los factores que influyeron directamente en la sobrevida hasta el alta hospitalaria

Introduction: The factors influencing in the survival of the patient after a cardiopulmonary reanimation up to the hospital discharge have not been described with accuracy. Objective: To identify the factors related to the survival at discharge in patients who received cardiopulmonary reanimation in an emergency service. Methods: An analytic cohorts prospective study was carried out in 76 patients who received cardiopulmonary reanimation in the Intensive Care Emergent Unit from Saturnino Lora Torres Teaching Clinical-Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2016 to same month of 2018. Results: In the univariate analysis the associated factors to survival in an independent way were the heart origin (76.5 percent), the pattern of ventricular fibrillation/ ventricular tachicardia without pulse (64.7 percent), the non-continuation of ventilation and the sepsis absence (with 88.2 percent each of them). Conclusions: The neurological recovery and unnecessary use of vasoactive drugs were identified as the directly influencing factors in the survival up to the hospital discharge

Synchronous Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma and Canalicular Adenoma on the Upper Lip: An Unusual Presentation and Immunohistochemical Analysis.

Multiple salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) are most common in the major than minor salivary glands. The most MSGTs are synchronous, either benign or malignant. A 61-year-old woman was referred presenting nine submucosal nodules, firm to fluctuant, being five nodules on the right side and four nodules on the left side of the upper lip. An incisional biopsy was performed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed in 5-µm sections for histopathologic analysis. Immunohistochemical reactions were carried out in 3-µm sections in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. The histopathological analysis showed focal area containing low-grade polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) and multiple canalicular adenomas (CAs). Immunohistochemical analysis for each lesion was carefully investigated. Here, we present an unusual case of synchronous PAC and multiple CAs of the minor salivary glands, affecting the upper lip, which appears to be the first case showing PAC and CA.

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen as a prognostic marker and its correlation with clinicopathological features in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Several studies investigate the prognostic value of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, with contradicting findings. Considering this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of high SCC-Ag levels and its association with clinicopathological features of HNSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies up to December 2015. English-language publications assessing clinicopathological features of HNSCC and the prognostic significance of SCC-Ag in this disease were included. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 and STATA version 14 software to clarify a possible association between SCC-Ag and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 1901 cases of HNSCC. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there was significant correlation between high SCC-Ag levels and males (odds ratio [OR]=2.99, 95% CI: 1.18-7.57, P=.02 fixed-effect), and advanced TNM stages (OR=3.18, 95% CI: 1.88-5.38, P<.0001 random-effect). The survival meta-analysis showed a pooled hazard ratio for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of 1.01 (95% CI: 0.70-1.31) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.54-1.17), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggests that elevated SCC-Ag levels have a significant correlation with males and TNM stage, but may not be used as predictive marker for OS and DFS in HNSCC patients.

Aggressive Osteoblastoma in the Maxilla: Unusual Lesion in the Craniofacial Skeleton.

Osteoblastomas are benign bone tumors, which are unusual in the craniofacial skeleton, being most often observed in the axial skeleton and long bones. The most common site in the maxillofacial region is the mandible and the involvement of the maxilla and paranasal sinuses is extremely rare. Although it is a benign lesion, the aggressive variant raises concerns due to its huge local destructive potential and tendency to relapse. In this clinical case, an aggressive osteoblastoma is described in a 7-year-old patient. The lesion was large and fully involved the left maxilla, including the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity. Recurrent volume increase was observed 2 months following enucleation of the lesion and en bloc resection of the maxillary segment was performed. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation associated with clinical and imaging findings allowed to define the tumor as an aggressive variant of osteoblastoma and not osteosarcoma, despite the aggressive behavior. The patient recovered well and no relapses were observed after 12 months following maxillary resection.

Cryotherapy for localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia: preliminary findings on two cases.

BACKGROUND: Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia (LJSGH) is a distinct subtype of inflammatory gingival hyperplasia that shows lack of response to traditional periodontal treatment, and after surgical excision, recurrence rate of 6-16% has been reported. CASE REPORT: Two girls (11- and 9-year-old) with multifocal red patches along the maxillary and mandibular labial gingiva showed no regression of the lesions after basic periodontal treatment. Surgical excision of focal lesion in each case was performed, which showed typical features of LJSGH. In both cases, the lesions presented recurrence. Hence, cryotherapy sessions in all lesions were performed. CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy appears to be successfully in LJSGH and well received by paediatric patients.

The relevance of dental surgeon on Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.

Multiple odontogenic keratocysts could be linked to different conditions. Then, to achieve the correct diagnosis whether their presence is associated to a syndrome, some criteria must be followed. The present study aims to report a case of a 21 years-old male patient whose was referred with several radiolucent lesion on the maxilla-mandibular complex. The lesions were biopsied and the diagnosis of the histological exam hypothesized as odontogenic keratocyst. After complete evaluation, others abnormalities were also found such as calcification of falx cerebri, palmar and plantar pits, and multiple basal cell on feet. The patient was diagnosed with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome and was referred to other medical specialties to adequate follow-up. Dental surgeon represents an important role on correct diagnosis of the Gorlin-Goltz syndrome and could avoid further complications.

Pathological Mandibular Fracture Associated With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in HIV-Positive Patient.

This article describes the occurrence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a 39-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. The patient sought medical care complaining of increased volume in the right mandibular angle and imaging tests showed an extensive radiolucency with undefined boundaries compromising the mandibular border. After the incisional biopsy, the patient had a pathological fracture in the region, which was properly treated in a second surgical procedure using a 2.4-mm reconstruction plate. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive marking for CD3, CD79a, Ki67, and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA. The treatment consisted of concurrent antiretroviral therapy with chemotherapy with rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. Examinations of images (2 years postoperatively) revealed complete bone repair and absence of injury recurrence. This work is important because it describes an unusual location of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and shows the importance of diagnosis and treatment of the injury at an early stage in order to promote the prognosis and survival of patients.

Oral Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia Associated with an Organizing Thrombus: Case Report and Immunohistochemical Analysis.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a benign lesion of the skin and mucosa of vascular origin characterized by reactive proliferation of endothelial cells. A 76-year-old woman was referred presenting a painless nodule on the lip. Intraoral examination revealed bluish submucosal nodular proliferation, measuring 10 × 5 × 5 mm, affecting the lower labial mucosa. The lesion had a firm consistency and it was not fixed to the adjacent tissues. The main differential diagnoses were mucocele/mucus retention cyst, sialolith, or salivary gland neoplasia. An incisional biopsy was performed and during the intraoperative procedure an encapsulated red-bluish nodular mass was observed. Microscopic analysis revealed papillary endothelial proliferation in the center of the lesion and fibrin admixed with inflammatory cells in organization peripherally. There was no nuclear atypia, mitotic figures, or necrosis. The endothelial cells were CD34 positive, with low Ki-67 proliferation index (4%). α-SMA highlighted the vessel walls, whereas negativity for D2-40 excluded lymphatic origin. Final diagnosis was IPEH associated with an organizing thrombus. Dentists should be aware about this rare benign vascular lesion, whose final diagnosis is achieved only after histopathology analysis. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice and no recurrence is expected.

Oral verruciform xanthoma: a case report and literature review.

Oral verruciform xanthoma represents an uncommon entity, which affects mainly oral mucosa. This paper presents the major clinical and histological features of oral verruciform xanthoma and reports a case on the tongue. The differential diagnosis and a literature review are also provided in light of recent information.

Clinical assessment of nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth in a group of brazilian patients.

Although it has been established that nifedipine is associated with gingival overgrowth (GO), there is little information on the prevalence and severity of this condition in the Brazilian population. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of nifedipine-induced GO in Brazilian patients and the risk factors associated using a Clinical Index for Drug Induced Gingival Overgrowth (Clinical Index DIGO). The study was carried out on 35 patients under treatment with nifedipine (test group) and 35 patients without treatment (control group). Variables such as demographic (age, gender), pharmacological (dose, time of use), periodontal (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical insertion level, and bleeding on probing), and GO were assessed. Statistical analysis showed no association between GO and demographic or pharmacological variables. However, there was an association between GO and periodontal variables, except for plaque index. According to our study, the Clinical Index DIGO can be used as a parameter to evaluate GO. Therefore, we conclude that the presence of gingival inflammation was the main risk factor for the occurrence of nifedipine-induced GO.

Transformación de leucoplasia verrugosa proliferativa en carcinoma oral: diez años de seguimiento / Transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia to oral carcinoma: a ten years follow-up

Los autores presentan un caso de leucoplasia verrugosa proliferativa (LVP) en varón de 78 años de edad. Fue inicialmente presentado como un caso de leucoplasia en lengua pero un estudio microscópico en 1991 reveló la presencia de displasia epitelial leve. Tras 5 años de seguimiento, la lesión sufrió cambios de tamaño y localización y tuvo comportamiento recidivante. En 1996, un área eritematosa granular e indurada que apareció en lengua resultó ser un carcinoma de células escamosas microinvasivo cuando se estudió microscópicamente. Tras una revisión del comportamiento clinicopatológico de esta entidad, los autores concluyeron que se trataba de una leucoplasia verrugosa proliferativa, cuyo diagnóstico es difícil y retrospectivo, como indicaban otros autores. Los autores enfatizan la importancia del examen periódico detallado clínico e histológico de este tipo de lesiones con el fin de detectar signos de malignidad precozmente (AU)

The authors present a case of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) in a 78-year-old man. It was initially presented as leukoplakia on the tongue but a microscopic investigation in 1991 revealed it to be a mild epithelial dysplasia. After 5 years of follow-up, the lesion presented changes in size and location, and a recidivant behavior. In 1996, a red granular and indurated area that appeared on the tongue was found to be a microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma when microscopically investigated. After a review of the clinicopathologic behavior of this entity, the authors concluded that it was a typical PVL, whose diagnosis is difficult and retrospective, as indicated by others. The authors emphasize the importance of periodic detailed clinical and histological examination of this type of lesions in order to detect early signs of malignancy (AU)

Transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia to oral carcinoma: a ten years follow-up.

The authors present a case of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) in a 78-year-old man. It was initially presented as leukoplakia on the tongue but a microscopic investigation in 1991 revealed it to be a mild epithelial dysplasia. After 5 years of follow-up, the lesion presented changes in size and location, and a recidivant behavior. In 1996, a red granular and indurated area that appeared on the tongue was found to be a microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma when microscopically investigated. After a review of the clinicopathologic behavior of this entity, the authors concluded that it was a typical PVL, whose diagnosis is difficult and retrospective, as indicated by others. The authors emphasize the importance of periodic detailed clinical and histological examination of this type of lesions in order to detect early signs of malignancy.

Queilite actínica / Actinic cheilits

A queilite actínica é uma alteração causada pela exposição crônica aos raios violeta, afetando mais indivíduos do sexo masculino e de pele clara. Este trabalho objetivou o estudo e a apresentação de um caso clínico dessa alteração no lábio inferior, com diagnóstico histopatológico de queilite actínica sem atipias. Foram também discutidos as diferentes formas clínicas, os aspectos histológicos, os possíveis tratamentos além da proservação e da responsabilidade do Cirurgião Dentista nesses casos